Trikove za Bash
	ot RED(27-07-2000) reiting (43)   [ dobre ]  [ zle ]  Variant za otpechatvane Promeniane na bash prompta Dobaviane na psevdonimi (alias) Promenlivata PROMPT_COMMAND TSvetove za Bash Primeri Ako ne znaete kakvo e tova Bash, a iskate da nauchite poveche e dobre da prochete tazi statiia "Pisane na skriptove za BASH shel". Promeniane na bash prompta Predi da zapochnem da promeniame bash prompta e dobre da zapazim starata mu stoinost, za vseki sluchai. Stoinostta na prompta se pazi ot promenlivata na obkruzhenieto PS1. Za da zapazim tazi stoinost e dobre da ia prisvoim na druga promenliva. Tova stava po sledniiat nachin: [slaff@atlantis slaff]$ SAVE=$PS1 Sega starata stoinost na PS1 promenlivata se pazi ot promenlivata SAVE. PS1 promenlivata opredelia kak da izglezhda nashiiat prompt. Neka da napravim purvata promiana i da prisvoim na PS1 promenlivata stoinost "command>": [slaff@atlantis slaff]$ PS1="command>" V rezultat na tazi opretsiia shte imame sledniia prompt: command> Sega neka se opitame da vuzstanovim stariia prompt command> PS1=$SAVE [slaff@atlantis slaff]$ Bash pozvoliava izpolzvaneto i na spetsialni simvoli, koito da stoiat v nashiiat prompt. Eto i niakoi ot tezi spetsialni simvoli: \a predizvikva piukane na spikera \d pokazva data vuv format "Den ot sedmitsata"   "Mesets" Den ot mesetsa" (primerno "Tue May 26") \h imeto na hosta do purvata tochka (pr. host subdomain.domain.org -> imeto na hosta do purvata tochka = subdomain) \H tsialoto ime na hosta \n nov red \r nov red \s imeto na shelut, koito izpolzvame \t  vremeto za 24 chasa v sledniia format HH:MM:SS (HH-chas, MM-minuti, SS-sekundi) \T vreme za 12 chasa v sledniia format  HH:MM:SS \u potrebitelskoto ime (username) \v versiia na bash shela(primerno  2.00) \w pulniiat put do tekushtata direktoriia \W samo imeto na tekushtata direktoriia \! koia podred e tazi komanda \nnn osmichno chislo \\ obratno naklonena cherta (t.e. \) \[ nachalo na posledovatelnost ot "kontrolni simvoli" \] krai na posledovatelnost ot "kontrolni simvoli" Promptut, koito izpolzvahme do momenta e sustaven ot slednite spetsialni simvoli:  \u (potrebitelsko ime) t.e slaff \h imeto na hosta do purvata tochka t.e atlantis \W imeto na tekushtata direktoriia t.e slaff [slaff@atlantis slaff]$ PS1="\u@\h \W> " slaff@atlantis slaff> ls bin mail slaff@atlantis slaff> Tozi prompt e nai-chesto izpolzvan v povecheto Linux distibutsii. Neka sega da promenim prompta taka, che da pokazva i chasut: slaff@atlantis slaff> PS1="[\t][\u@\h:\w]\$ " [21:52:01][slaff@atlantis:~]$ ls bin mail Ako ne iskame vseki put da promeniame promta, a toi da se promenia oshte s vlizaneto ni, triabva da promenim failut .bash_profile, koito se namira vuv nashata glavna direktoriia. Ako takuv fail ne sushtestvuva triabva da go suzdadem. Ako imate root prava i iskate da promenite na vsichki potrebiteli prompta redaktiraite failut /etc/profile ili /etc/bashrc . Imaite predvid, che tozi fail mozhe da se namira na drugo miasto za razlichnite Linux distributsii. Samoto redaktrane se sustoi v dobavianeto na tozi red PS1="[\t][\u@\h:\w]\$ " Dobaviane na psevdonimi (alias) Alias predstavliava psevdonim(alternativno ime) na dadena komanda ili posledovatelnosti ot komandi i se izpolzva za ulesnenie. Ako naprimer iskate vseki put vmesto da pishete komandata "cd /usr/local/share/" da napishete samo GO triabva da napravite sledniia psevdonim alias GO="cd /usr/local/share/" Za da ne go pishete vseki put tozi psevdnim e nai-dobre da go dobavite vuv failut .bash_profile Promenlivata PROMPT_COMMAND Prmenlivata PROMPT_COMMAND se pokazva ili izpulniava predi da se pokazhe samiiat prompt. Razgledaite sledniiat primer: [21:55:01][slaff@atlantis:~] PS1="[\u@\h:\w]\$ " [slaff@atlantis:~] PROMPT_COMMAND="echo 2155" 2155 [slaff@atlantis:~] d bin mail 2156 [slaff@atlantis:~] Tova koeto se sluchva e da se pokazva chisloto 2155 vinagi predi pokazvaneto na samiiat red. Problemut tuk e, che 2155 ne se pokazava na sushtiia red na koito se pokazva i prompta. Za tselta shte izpolzvame optsiiata -n na komandata echo. [slaff@atlantis:~] PROMPT_COMMAND="echo -n 2155" 2156[slaff@atlantis:~]$ 2156[slaff@atlantis:~]$ d bin mail Veche neshtata izglezhdat po-dobre. Sega shte vi pokazha kak mozhete da nakarate promta da pokazva razmera koito zaema tekushtata direktoriia. Zapishete sledniia Bash skript v /usr/local/bin direktoriiata pod imeto lsbytesum. Direktoriia mozhe i da e druga, stiga da e posochena v promenlivata PATH. ___________________________________________________ #!/bin/bash # lsbytesum - sum the number of bytes in a directory listing TotalBytes=0 for Bytes in $(ls -l | grep "^-" | cut -c30-41) do let TotalBytes=$TotalBytes+$Bytes done TotalMeg=$(echo -e "scale=3 \n$TotalBytes/1048576 \nquit" | bc) echo -n "$TotalMeg" ___________________________________________________ Napravete tozi fail izpulnim. Promeniame prompta: [2158][slaff@atlantis:~]$ PS1="[\u@\h:\w (\$(lsbytesum) Mb)]\$ " [slaff@atlantis:~ (0 Mb)]$ cd /bin [slaff@atlantis:/bin (4.498 Mb)]$ Tova e. Veche imame prompt, koito pokazava kolko e goleminata na tekushtata direktoriia. Nishto ne prechi da se suzdadat i drugi promptove. Opitaite sami da suzdadete nov. TSvetove za Bash Mozhe bi ste zabeliazali tsvetnite suobshteniia pri startiraneto na RedHat. Pisaneto na tsvetni suobshteniia e elementarno. Neka da si napravim nashe tsvetno suobshtenie. Opitaite sledniia primer: echo -e "\033[41;33;1m Welcome to Linux\033[m" Tazi komanda shte izpechata "Welcome to Linux" s zhulti bukvi na cherven fon. Zabelezhete, che teksta e obgraden ot "\033[bg;fg;1m \033[m". CHisloto 41 ukazva, che fonut na bukvite triabva da e cherven,  a 33 ukazva, che tsveta na bukvite triabva da e zhult. Kodovete na tsvetovete sa slednite: Za tsviat na fona: 30=cherno, 31=cherveno, 32=zeleno, 33=zhulto, 34=sinьo, 35=purpurno, 36=tyurkoazeno, 37=bialo Za tsviat na bukvite: 0=prozrachno, 40=cherno, 41=cherveno, 42=zeleno, 43=zhulto, 44=sinьo 45=purpurno, 46=tyurkoazeno, 47=bialo Ako iskame da promenim nashiia nadpis i da go napravim s beli bukvi na sin fon triabva da napishem slednoto echo -e "\033[44;37;1m Welcome to Linux\033[m" Eto i edna primerna programa za Slackware distributsiiata na Linux ___________________________________________________ #/bin/bash version="`cat /etc/slackware-version`" echo -e "\033[41;33;1m Welcome to Slackware $version\033[m" ___________________________________________________ Osven tsvetni suobshteniia mozhe da imate i tsveten prompt. Otsvetiavaneto na prompta stava po sushtiia nachin kakto i normalen tekst  s tazi razlika, che triabva da zagradim teksta s \[\033[  i   m\]. Za da poluchim svetlo sin prompt triabva da napravim slednoto PS1="\[\033[1;34m\][\$(date +%H%M)][\u@\h:\w]$\[\033[0m\] " Eto i kodovete za tsviat na bukvite: CHerno 0;30 Tumno sivo 1;30 Sinьo 0;34 Svetlo sinьo 1;34 Zeleno 0;32 Svetlo zeleno 1;32 TSiklameno 0;36 Svetlo tsiklameno 1;36 CHerveno 0;31 Svetlo cherveno 1;31 Purpurno0;35 Svetlo purpurno 1;35 Kafiavo 0;33 ZHulto 1;33 Svetlo sivo 0;37 Bialo 1;37 Ako iskate vashiiat prompt da bude sus svetlo sinьo na cherven fon triabva da zipolzvate slednata kombinatsiia:     \[\033[44;1;31m\] ili     \[\033[44m\]\[\033[1;31m\] Dopulnitelni kodove:      4: Podchertan, 5: Migasht,  8: Nevedidim Eto i edin primeren skript ___________________________________________________ function elite { local GRAY="\[\033[1;30m\]" local LIGHT_GRAY="\[\033[0;37m\]" local CYAN="\[\033[0;36m\]" local LIGHT_CYAN="\[\033[1;36m\]" case $TERM in xterm*) local TITLEBAR='\[\033]0;\u@\h:\w\007\]' ;; *) local TITLEBAR="" ;; esac local GRAD1=$(tty|cut -d/ -f3) PS1="$TITLEBAR\ $GRAY-$CYAN-$LIGHT_CYAN(\ $CYAN\u$GRAY@$CYAN\h\ $LIGHT_CYAN)$CYAN-$LIGHT_CYAN(\ $CYAN\#$GRAY/$CYAN$GRAD1\ $LIGHT_CYAN)$CYAN-$LIGHT_CYAN(\ $CYAN\$(date +%H%M)$GRAY/$CYAN\$(date +%d-%b-%y)\ $LIGHT_CYAN)$CYAN-$GRAY-\ $LIGHT_GRAY\n\ $GRAY-$CYAN-$LIGHT_CYAN(\ $CYAN\$$GRAY:$CYAN\w\ $LIGHT_CYAN)$CYAN-$GRAY-$LIGHT_GRAY " PS2="$LIGHT_CYAN-$CYAN-$GRAY-$LIGHT_GRAY " } ___________________________________________________ Ne e mnogo lesno da se pomniat kodovete na otdelnite tsvetove zatova mozhe da si pomognete sus sledniia skript: ___________________________________________________ #!/bin/bash # # This file echoes a bunch of colour codes to the terminal to demonstrate # what's available. Each line is one colour on black and gray # backgrounds, with the code in the middle. Verified to work on white, # black, and green BGs (2 Dec 98). # echo " On Light Gray: On Black:" echo -e "\033[47m\033[1;37m White \033[0m\ 1;37m \ \033[40m\033[1;37m White \033[0m" echo -e "\033[47m\033[37m Light Gray \033[0m\ 37m \ \033[40m\033[37m Light Gray \033[0m" echo -e "\033[47m\033[1;30m Gray \033[0m\ 1;30m \ \033[40m\033[1;30m Gray \033[0m" echo -e "\033[47m\033[30m Black \033[0m\ 30m \ \033[40m\033[30m Black \033[0m" echo -e "\033[47m\033[31m Red \033[0m\ 31m \ \033[40m\033[31m Red \033[0m" echo -e "\033[47m\033[1;31m Light Red \033[0m\ 1;31m \ \033[40m\033[1;31m Light Red \033[0m" echo -e "\033[47m\033[32m Green \033[0m\ 32m \ \033[40m\033[32m Green \033[0m" echo -e "\033[47m\033[1;32m Light Green \033[0m\ 1;32m \ \033[40m\033[1;32m Light Green \033[0m" echo -e "\033[47m\033[33m Brown \033[0m\ 33m \ \033[40m\033[33m Brown \033[0m" echo -e "\033[47m\033[1;33m Yellow \033[0m\ 1;33m \ \033[40m\033[1;33m Yellow \033[0m" echo -e "\033[47m\033[34m Blue \033[0m\ 34m \ \033[40m\033[34m Blue \033[0m" echo -e "\033[47m\033[1;34m Light Blue \033[0m\ 1;34m \ \033[40m\033[1;34m Light Blue \033[0m" echo -e "\033[47m\033[35m Purple \033[0m\ 35m \ \033[40m\033[35m Purple \033[0m" echo -e "\033[47m\033[1;35m Pink \033[0m\ 1;35m \ \033[40m\033[1;35m Pink \033[0m" echo -e "\033[47m\033[36m Cyan \033[0m\ 36m \ \033[40m\033[36m Cyan \033[0m" echo -e "\033[47m\033[1;36m Light Cyan \033[0m\ 1;36m \ \033[40m\033[1;36m Light Cyan \033[0m" ___________________________________________________ Primeri Po nadolu e posochen dosta interesen prompt koito si smenia tsvetovete v zavisimost ot natovarvaneto na sistemata. ___________________________________________________ #!/bin/bash # "hostloadcolour" - 17 October 98, by Giles # # The idea here is to change the colour of the host name in the prompt, # depending on a threshold load value. # THRESHOLD_LOAD is the value of the one minute load (multiplied # by one hundred) at which you want # the prompt to change from COLOUR_LOW to COLOUR_HIGH THRESHOLD_LOAD=200 COLOUR_LOW='1;34' # light blue COLOUR_HIGH='1;31' # light red function prompt_command { ONE=$(uptime | sed -e "s/.*load average: \(.*\...\), \(.*\...\), \(.*\...\)/\1/" -e "s/ //g") # Apparently, "scale" in bc doesn't apply to multiplication, but does # apply to division. ONEHUNDRED=$(echo -e "scale=0 \n $ONE/0.01 \nquit \n" | bc) if [ $ONEHUNDRED -gt $THRESHOLD_LOAD ] then HOST_COLOUR=$COLOUR_HIGH # Light Red else HOST_COLOUR=$COLOUR_LOW # Light Blue fi } function hostloadcolour { PROMPT_COMMAND=prompt_command PS1="[$(date +%H%M)][\u@\[\033[\$(echo -n \$HOST_COLOUR)m\]\h\[\033[0m\]:\w]$ " } ___________________________________________________ Tazi statiia e kratuk prevod na Bash-Prompt-HOWTO Posochenite primeri i mnogo drugi mozhe da otkriete na adres http://bash.current.nu. << Linux v BBC (chast 1) | Pregled na mrezhovite vuzmozhnosti na Linuks >>

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