ot m@rtin(1-06-2004)

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Keeping Fedora Up to Date with Yum

Prevedeno ot: m@rtin phreedom[@] mail dot bg


Kak da polzvame Yum

Yum e instrument za avtomatichen updeit i upravlenie na paketite pri rpm bazirani sistemi. Yum avtomatichno izchisliava zavisimostite i pokazva kakvo triabva da se napravi za da se instalirat paketite. Toi pravi mnogo po-lesno poddruzhkata na grupa ot mashini bez da se nalaga da updeitvate po otdelno vsiaka edna ot tiah izpolzvaiki rpm.

Yum mozhe da se izpolzva vmesto, ili kato dopulnenie na Red Hat up2date i rpm instrumentite koito idvat s Fedora Core 1. Moite lichni predpochitaniia e da izpolzvam Yum kato pulen zamestitel na dvata instrumenta zashtoto toi e dokazal burzinata si, sigurnostta si, i predlaga funktsionalnost koiato drugite instrumenti ne predlagat. Kato:
  • Mnogo mesta za updeit(mirror)
  • Lesen za konfiguratsiia config fail
  • Pravilno izchisliavane na zavisimosti
  • rpm-sustavni harakteristiki
  • comps.xml group support, including multiple repository groups
  • Oprosten interfeis
Yum mozhe da se izpolzva za updeit i poddruzhka na veche instalirani paketi,no mozhe da instalira paketite direktno, koeto e ot polza kogato ne mozhe da si namerite cd i taka da vi spesti vreme. Da, mozhe da svalite sourceball, ili da potursite rpm v internet, tova e lesno. Yum e razraboten i se razviva v rezultat na rabotata na Duke University i e na nashe razpolozhenie pod GNU GPL. Sega Vie veche znaete malko za Yum, neka da proverim kakvo toi mozhe da napravi za Vas!

Neka da otbelezhim, che tozi tutorial predpolaga che veche imate instaliran Yum i mozhe da izpolzvate tekstov redaktor naprimer vi za redaktsiia. Ako niamate instaliran Yum mozhe da go instalirate ot Fedora Core 1 instalatsionnite CD-ta, ili mozhe da posetite mirrors.kernel.org i da poluchite neobhodimite rpm's ot tam.

Konfiguratsiia na Yum
Predi da izpolzvate Yum triabva da promenite konfiguratsionniia fail narechen yum.conf i da redaktirate liniite koito kazvat na Yum koi mirror server da izpolzva. Po podrazbirane tova e osnovniiat Fedora Core 1 download server, toi raboti no e strashno baven zashtoto mnogo hora go polzvat. Vmesto nego move da nastroite Yum da izpolzva edin ot mnogoto mirror survuri ukazani v
The FedoraMirror Site.

Obiknoveno Vie slagate za osnoven survur takuv koito e blizo geografski, koeto da vi pomogne za uvelichavane na skorostta.Vupreki tova skorostta mozhe da varira . Neka da redaktirame yum.conf, da ukazhem survur, i da startirame Yum. Vie triabva da budete root potrebitel za ostanalata chast na tozi tutorial, taka che otvorete prozorets na terminala i napishe slednite komandi:

$su
$password

Sega izpolzvaiki svoia lyubim tekstov redaktor otvorete /etc/yum.conf i go redaktirate kato zamenite baseurl s adresa na mirror survura koito ste izbrali. V tozi primer nie izpolzvame mirrors.kernel.org, za men toi raboti dobre zashtoto sum v Western US, zamestete go s mirror koito ste izbrali.

[base]
name=Fedora Core $releasever - $basearch - Base
baseurl=http://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora/core/$releasever/$basearch/os


[updates-released]
name=Fedora Core $releasever - $basearch - Released Updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora/core/updates/$releasever/$basearch

Ne triabva da se bezpokoite za [updates-testing] chastta ot tozi fail tui kato tia ne se izpolzva za osnoven updeit i instalirane na paketite. Sled kato ste napravili neobhodimite promeni, zapazete faila i go zatvorete. Sega neka da redaktirame /etc/sysconfig/rhn/sources kato sledva, kato otnovo zamestim s mirror-a koito sme izbrali.

yum fedora-core-1 http://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora/core/1/i386/os yum updates-released http://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora/core/updates/1/i386

Strahotno, s tazi promiana se zastrahovame che Red Hat instrumenta shte raboti dobre. Tova e, zapazete faila, zatvorete go i da produlzhim.

Izpolzvane na Yum
Purvoto neshto koeto triabva da napravim s Yum e da updeitnem negoviia rpm headers spisuk, vsiako rpm ima header koiato sudurzha pulen spisuk na failovete, opisanie na paketa, opisanie na vuzmozhnostite i / ili bibliotekite koito dostavia, spisuk s negovite iziskvaniia i spisuk s koe mozhe da vleze v konflikt. Yum izpolzva tazi informatsiia za da vzema resheniia kak da pravi updeit i da instalira paketite. Kato root napishete slednite komandi:

#yum check-update

Yum shte napravi pulen spisuk na tekushtite rpm headers ot mirror survura koito ste zapisali v yum.conf faila. Tova obiknoveno produlzhava niakolko minuti i izglezhda po tozi nachin:

Gathering header information file(s) from server(s)
Server: Fedora Core 1 - i386 - Base
Server: Fedora Core 1 - i386 - Released Updates

Finding updated packages
Downloading needed headers

Kogato Yum zavurshi daunlouda na header failovete toi e gotov za rabota. Da kazhem, che iskate da ste sigurni v tova, che vsichki instalirani paketi na vashata sistema sa "up to date" s poslednata versiia, prosto napishete slednata komanda:

#yum update

Yum shte zapochne da sravniava vsichki paketi instalirani na vashata sistema i tezi namirashti se na mirror survura. Kogato zavurshi, toi shte vi predostavi informatsiia za detailite i za tova kakvo vuznameriava da napravi. SHTe vi pita za potvurzhdenie, kakto primera:

Gathering header information file(s) from server(s)
Server: Fedora Core 1 - i386 - Base
Server: Fedora Core 1 - i386 - Released Updates
Finding updated packages
Downloading needed headers
getting /var/cache/yum/updates-released/headers/rdesktop-0-1.3.0-2.i386.hdr
rdesktop-0-1.3.0-2.i386.h 100% |=========================| 3.1 kB 00:00
Resolving dependencies
Dependencies resolved
I will do the following:

[install: rdesktop-0-1.3.0-2.i386]
Is this ok [y/N]: y

V tozi sluchai Yum pokazva che e nalitse updeit za RDesktop, vsichko koeto triabva da napravia e da otgovoria s da(yes) i paketa e updeitnat. Gotino, a? Da kazhem, che mozhe bi iskate da napravite updeit na spetsifichen paket.Samo promenete komandata koiato izpolzvahte po gore kato dobavite imeto na paketa :

#yum update nmap

SHTe vidite neshto takova:

Gathering header information file(s) from server(s)
Server: Fedora Core 1 - i386 - Base
Server: Fedora Core 1 - i386 - Released Updates
Finding updated packages
Downloading needed headers
No Packages Available for Update
No actions to take

V tozi sluchai Yum pokazva che tazi versiia na nmap instalirana na sistemata e posledna, sledovatelno niama da produlzhi s updeita. Nice eh ? Neka da kazhem, che iskate da instalirate paket koito do sega se niamali instaliran, kato XChat IRC klient, prosto napishete slednoto:

#yum install xchat

SHTe vidite neshto takova:

Gathering header information file(s) from server(s)

Server: Fedora Core 1 - i386 - Base
Server: Fedora Core 1 - i386 - Released Updates
Finding updated packages

Downloading needed headers
getting /var/cache/yum/base/headers/xchat-1-2.0.4-4.i386.hdr
xchat-1-2.0.4-4.i386.hdr 100% |=========================| 6.8 kB 00:00
Resolving dependencies
Dependencies resolved
I will do the following:
[install: xchat 1:2.0.4-4.i386]
Is this ok [y/N]:

Prosto otgovorete s da(yes) na vuprosa na Yum i kato po chudo tozi paket e instaliran. Dobre, da kazhem che imate instaliran nmap, i iskate grafichen interfeis za nego, no niamate ideia kak mozhe da se kazva paketut, napishete slednoto:

#yum search nmap gui

Tova e koeto mozhe da vidite:

Gathering header information file(s) from server(s)
Server: Fedora Core 1 - i386 - Base
Server: Fedora Core 1 - i386 - Released Updates
Finding updated packages

Downloading needed headers
Looking in available packages for a providing package
Available package: nmap-frontend.i386 2:3.48-1 from base matches with
Gtk+ frontend for nmap.
Available package: nmap-frontend.i386 2:3.48-1 from base matches with
nmap-frontend

Samo izberete paketa koito vi triabva i go instaliraite kato izpolzvate komandite koito nauchihte po-rano v tozi tutorial. Turseneto mozhe da stava i s shabloni za tursene v sluchaite kogato triabva da gi polzvate. Kolko oshte po-dobro mozhe da bude, bihte popitali? Kakvo shte kazhete za sledvashtiia sluchai, da kazhem che se nuzhdaete ot niakoia biblioteka koiato ne e samostoiatelen paket, kakto libc6.1-1.so.2, kakvo shte napravite za da si ia nabavite ? Napishete slednoto:

#yum provides libc6.1-1.so.2

SHTe vidite neshto takova:

Gathering header information file(s) from server(s)
Server: Fedora Core 1 - i386 - Base
Server: Fedora Core 1 - i386 - Released Updates
Finding updated packages
Downloading needed headers

Looking in available packages for a providing package
Available package: compat-libstdc++.i386 0:7.3-2.96.118 from base matches with
libstdc++-libc6.1-1.so.2
Available package: compat-libstdc++.i386 0:7.3-2.96.118 from base matches with
libstdc++-libc6.1-1.so.2(GCC.INTERNAL)
2 results returned
Looking in installed packages for a providing package
No packages found

Yum pokazva, che paketa compat-libstdc++ sudurzha bibliotekata koiato tursite (libc6.1-1.so.2), a sushto taka, che tia ne e instalirana na vashata sistema. Napishete komanda yum install compat-libstdc++ i veche imate bibliotekata. Sega neka da kazhem, che ste bolni ot skaniraneto na portove na nepodozirashti potrebiteli (sheguvam se razbira se) i ste reshili da premahnete tseliia nmap navednuzh. Napishete slednata komanda:

#yum remove nmap

Tova premahva izbranite paketi kato premahva i drugi paketi zaviseshti ot tiah. Edno nepriiatno neshto e, che kogato Yum daunloudva paketi ili updeiti za instalirane toi ne gi premahva avtomatichno ot svoia disk cache, taka che se iziskva periodichna poddruzhka.
Za shtastie poddruzhkata e tolkova prosta i burza kakto ostanaloto. Startiraite sledvashtata komanda ot vreme na vreme:

#yum clean all

Tova iztriva vsichki stari keshirani paketi ot vashata sistema, premahva sushto vsichki stari rpm headers koito poveche ne sa nuzhni. Obiknahte li ia, prosta i burza. Ok, oshte edin primer. Neka da kazhem, che iskame da nauchim vsichko za paketa Xchat bez da go instalirame v deistvitelnost. Vsichko koeto triabva da napravim e:

#yum info xchat

SHTe vidite neshto takova:

Gathering header information file(s) from server(s)

Server: Fedora Core 1 - i386 - Base
Server: Fedora Core 1 - i386 - Released Updates
Finding updated packages
Downloading needed headers
getting /var/cache/yum/base/headers/xchat-1-2.0.4-4.i386.hdr
xchat-1-2.0.4-4.i386.hdr 100% |=========================| 6.8 kB 00:00
Looking in Available Packages:
Name : xchat
Arch : i386

Version: 2.0.4
Release: 4
Size : 2.40 MB
Group : Applications/Internet
Repo : Fedora Core 1 - i386 - Base
Summary: A GTK+ IRC (chat) client.
Description:
X-Chat is an IRC client for the X Window System and GTK+. X-Chat is
fairly easy to use and includes a nice interface.

Stignahme do kraia na tova rukovodstvo, nadiavam se che informatsiiata shte vi e polezna i vi e pokazala kakuv vazhen i lesen za izpolzvane instrument mozhe da bude Yum. Ako iskate da nauchite poveche za Yum posetete tehniia sait ili prochetete man stranitsata. Uspeh !

Written by Rick Nicholas
Iztochnik: www.madpenguin.org


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