от al_shopov(24-02-2010)

Ползващите отворен код са като пиратите

„Страни изискващи или даже препоръчващи софтуер с отворен код следва да се включат в списъка на специалния доклад 301“ е препоръката, която лобиращата организация International Intellectual Property Alliance (IIPA) е изготвила и предложила на Търговския представител на САЩ. Част от причините за включване на Бразилия, Индия, Индонезия, Филипините, Тайланд и Виетнам в този списък, използван за натиск върху държавите да приемат по-строги закони за авторски права, е, че тези страни са приели закони за преференциално ползване на свободен софтуер и софтуер с отворен код в държавната администрация или обществен сектор като образованието. Организацията IIPA е съставена от 7 търговски сдружения, между които BSA, MPAA, RIAA, а целите според сайта ѝ са да подобрява международната защита и прилагане на авторските права, както и отварянето на чуждестранните пазари, които са затворени от пиратство и пазарни бариери. Случаят с Индонезия е най-фрапиращият. В нея Министерството на административните реформи е пратило циркулярно писмо до държавните организации окуражаващо и насърчаващо използването на софтуер с отворен код и това според IIPA е създава пазарни бариери.

За повечето от страните в света ползването на свободен софтуер и софтуер с отворен код е единственият начин да влязат в цифровия век, без да ползват нелицензиран софтуер. Такова зачитане на авторското право явно не е в интерес на големите производители на софтуер, които явно приравняват неползването на техния софтуер към незачитане на стойността на интелектуалните творения.

За повече информация:

Цитати от докладите и препоръките на IIPA

Индия

The industry is also concerned about moves by the government to consider mandating the use of open
source software and software of only domestic origin. Though such policies have not yet been implemented, IIPA
and BSA urge that this area be carefully monitored.

Индонезия

Government Procurement Preference Denies U.S. Software Companies a Level Playing Field: The
government of Indonesia, under its Ministry of Administrative Reform (MenPAN), officially sent to all central and
provincial government offices, including state-owned enterprises in Indonesia, Circular Letter No. 1 of 2009 issued on
March 30, 2009, endorsing the use and adoption of open source software within government organizations. More
specifically, the MenPAN letter, concerning the “Utilization of Legal Software and Open Source Software (OSS),”
encourages government agencies to use “FOSS” (Free Open Source Software) with a view toward implementation
by the end of 2011, which the Circular states will result in the use of legitimate open source and FOSS software and
a reduction in overall costs of software. The letter was followed by subsequent clarification documents, including an
April 2009 State Ministry of Research & Technology (RISTEK) document regarding the “Migration to Open Source in
Government Agencies.”
While IIPA has no issue with one of the stated goals of the circular, namely, “reducing software copyright
violation,” the Indonesian government’s policy as indicated in the circular letter instead simply weakens the software
industry and undermines its long-term competitiveness by creating an artificial preference for companies offering
open source software and related services, even as it denies many legitimate companies access to the government
market. Rather than fostering a system that will allow users to benefit from the best solution available in the market,
irrespective of the development model, it encourages a mindset that does not give due consideration to the value to
intellectual creations. As such, it fails to build respect for intellectual property rights and also limits the ability of
government or public-sector customers (e.g., State-owned enterprise) to choose the best solutions to meet the needs
of their organizations and the Indonesian people. It also amounts to a significant market access barrier for the
software industry.

Филипините

IIPA was concerned regarding reports of consideration of a Free Open Source Software bill
which would require government offices to use open source software. Passage of that bill would deny technology
choice regarding software usage and ultimately would stunt the growth of the IT industry in the Philippines.

Бразилия

Avoid legislation on the mandatory use of open source software by government agencies and government controlled
companies.

Тайланд

Conversely, IIPA is
concerned by the proposed preference policy of the Prime Minister mandating government agencies to buy open
source software, which is inconsistent with APEC policy guidance on technology choice.

Among other market access restrictions to be addressed, reverse proposed policy mandating use of open
source software, and, e.g., requiring bundling of government funded computers and computers for schools with
open source software; maintain neutral policies with respect to technology choice.

Regarding government legalization of software usage, IIPA is pleased that, according to the Royal Thai
government’s latest report, it has requested the cooperation of all government sectors to abide by the decision of the
Cabinet in 1999, which stipulates that all government sectors are to strictly use legitimate software. However, this
positive request may be made much less valuable by the Prime Minister’s apparent policy that government agencies
acquire open source software, thus restricting their technology choice.

Виетнам

Cease government-endorsed open source preference policy which is limiting technology choice in Vietnam.

Onerous Restrictions on Technology Choice Through Government Procurement Preference: The
Vietnamese government, under the auspices of the Prime Minister’s Office, has established a framework for the
procurement, use and adoption of open source software within government organizations with one of the key
objectives being “enhancing copyrights protection.” This regulatory framework was officially established in the Prime
Minister’s 2004 Master Plan for Applying and Developing Open Source Software in Vietnam for the 2004 – 2008
Period, followed by subsequent clarification and implementation through a number of ministerial directives and
decisions, most recently in late 2008 by the Ministry of Information and Communications. The 2008 Directive
mandated government agencies to install and use Open Source Software (OSS), which it indicated would be
“contributing to reduce software copyright violation.”
IIPA has no issue with the policy goal stated in the Directive, and fully supports the goal to legalize software
usage consistent with APEC economies’ agreement that central government agencies should use only legal software
and other copyrighted materials. However, the implementation of this goal by creating a clear procurement
preference flies in the face of the market, and harms companies that rely on software copyright for their livelihoods,
since it denies such legitimate companies access to that education market. As such, it fails to build respect for
intellectual property rights and limits the ability of government or public-sector customers to choose the best solutions
to meet the needs of their organizations and the Vietnamese people. It also amounts to a significant market access
barrier for the software industry.


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